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Big Island coral shows signs of stress - Rob Tucker - 09-23-2019
Hawaii coral show signs of stress amid record-setting heat
By caleb jones, associated press
https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/hawaii-coral-show-signs-stress-amid-record-setting-65808774?cid=clicksource_4380645_null_headlines_hed
At the edge of an ancient lava flow where jagged black rocks meet the Pacific, small off-the-grid homes overlook the calm blue waters of Papa Bay on Hawaii's Big Island — no tourists or hotels in sight. Here, one of the islands' most abundant and vibrant coral reefs thrives just below the surface.
Yet even this remote shoreline far from the impacts of chemical sunscreen, trampling feet and industrial wastewater is showing early signs of what's expected to be a catastrophic season for coral in Hawaii.
Just four years after a major marine heat wave killed nearly half of this coastline's coral, federal researchers are predicting another round of hot water will cause some of the worst coral bleaching the region has ever experienced.
"In 2015, we hit temperatures that we've never recorded ever in Hawaii," said Jamison Gove, an oceanographer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "What is really important — or alarming, probably more appropriately — about this event is that we've been tracking above where we were at this time in 2015."
Researchers using high-tech equipment to monitor Hawaii's reefs are seeing early signs of bleaching in Papa Bay and elsewhere caused by a marine heat wave that has sent temperatures soaring to record highs for months. June, July and parts of August all experienced the hottest ocean temperatures ever recorded around the Hawaiian Islands. So far in September, oceanic temperatures are below only those seen in 2015.
Forecasters expect high temperatures in the north Pacific will continue to pump heat into Hawaii's waters well into October.
"Temperatures have been warm for quite a long time," Gove said. "It's not just how hot it is — it's how long those ocean temperatures stay warm."
Coral reefs are vital around the world as they not only provide a habitat for fish — the base of the marine food chain — but food and medicine for humans. They also create an essential shoreline barrier that breaks apart large ocean swells and protects densely populated shorelines from storm surges during hurricanes.
In Hawaii, reefs are also a major part of the economy: Tourism thrives largely because of coral reefs that help create and protect iconic white sand beaches, offer snorkeling and diving spots, and help form waves that draw surfers from around the world.
Ocean temperatures are not uniformly warm across the state, Gove noted. Local wind patterns, currents and even features on land can create hot spots in the water.
"You have things like two giant volcanoes on the Big Island blocking the predominant trade winds," making the island's west coast, where Papa Bay sits, one of the hottest parts of the state, Gove said. He said he expects "severe" coral bleaching in those places.
"This is widespread, 100% bleaching of most corals," Gove said. And many of those corals are still recovering from the 2015 bleaching event, meaning they are more susceptible to thermal stress.
According to NOAA, the heat wave's causes include a persistent low-pressure weather pattern between Hawaii and Alaska that has weakened winds that otherwise might mix and cool surface waters across much of the North Pacific. What's causing that is unclear: It might reflect the atmosphere's usual chaotic motion, or it could be related to the warming of the oceans and other effects of human-made climate change.
Beyond this event, oceanic temperatures will continue to rise in the coming years, Gove said. "There's no question that global climate change is contributing to what we're experiencing," he said.
For coral, hot water means stress, and prolonged stress kills these creatures and can leave reefs in shambles.
Bleaching occurs when stressed corals release algae that provide them with vital nutrients. That algae also gives the coral its color, so when it's expelled, the coral turns white.
Gove said researchers have a technological advantage for monitoring and gleaning insights into this year's bleaching, data that could help save reefs in the future.
"We're trying to track this event in real time via satellite, which is the first time that's ever been done," Gove said.
In remote Papa Bay, most of the corals have recovered from the 2015 bleaching event, but scientists worry they won't fare as well this time.
"Nearly every species that we monitor has at least some bleaching," said ecologist Greg Asner, director of Arizona State University's Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, after a dive in the bay earlier this month.
Asner told The Associated Press that sensors showed the bay was about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit above what is normal for this time of year.
He uses advanced imaging technology mounted to aircrafts, satellite data, underwater sensors and information from the public to give state and federal researchers like Gove the information they need.
"What's really important here is that we're taking these (underwater) measurements, connecting them to our aircraft data and then connecting them again to the satellite data," Asner said. "That lets us scale up to see the big picture to get the truth about what's going on here."
Scientists will use the information to research, among other things, why some coral species are more resilient to thermal stress. Some of the latest research suggests slowly exposing coral to heat in labs can condition them to withstand hotter water in the future.
"After the heat wave ends, we will have a good map with which to plan restoration efforts," Asner said.
Meanwhile, Hawaii residents like Cindi Punihaole Kennedy are pitching in by volunteering to educate tourists. Punihaole Kennedy is director of the Kahalu'u Bay Education Center, a nonprofit created to help protect Kahalu'u Bay, a popular snorkeling spot near the Big Island's tourist center of Kailua-Kona.
The bay and surrounding beach park welcome more than 400,000 visitors a year, she said.
"We share with them what to do and what not to do as they enter the bay," she said. "For instance, avoid stepping on the corals or feeding the fish."
The area suffered bleaching and coral death in 2015.
"It was devastating for us to not be able to do anything," Punihaole Kennedy said. "We just watched the corals die."
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - TomK - 09-23-2019
I think what is really troubling is that although the corals mostly recovered after the 2015 bleaching event, repeated events might well mean there is no real opportunity for the corals to recover in the future.
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - dan d - 09-24-2019
Thats why me and many others are on a 10 year plan to grow heat resistant corals,
1 to recoralise areas with destroyed lava
2 to coralise the miles of coral reefs. We lost to lava.
Stay tuned
We are gonna work all the way to midway islands
We will need a lot of helpers.
Some to grow coral frags in my coral 1000 sq ft building
Some to help us set up grow out areas in shallow bays
Some to plant out grown coral
Some to monitor the new reefs
Can u help?
Aloha
Aloha
HPP
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - HereOnThePrimalEdge - 09-24-2019
More news on record high land temperatures, higher than normal ocean temperatures, and the affects on coral:
A major marine heat wave is responsible for a triple-digit number of record high heat days in Hawaii this summer, according to the National Weather Service.
Hilo International Airport saw 16 days where record high temperatures were either set or tied during the summer that ended Monday. The tally of record heat days was even higher at the airports in Honolulu, Kahului, Maui, and Lihue, Kauai — 24, 40 and 48, respectively.
“The ocean’s been several degrees warmer than normal the entire summer — and that’s what’s been pushing our temperatures up several degrees higher than normal. It’s projected to stay that way, at least for the next several months. And so we can continue to see warmer than normal conditions through that time.”
https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2019/09/24/hawaii-news/record-heat-people-swelter-reefs-suffer/
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - TomK - 10-01-2019
A little bit of optimism, but not great news overall:
https://www.civilbeat.org/2019/10/record-heat-thrusts-hawaii-corals-into-new-era-of-bleaching/
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - MarkP - 10-02-2019
Devils advocate here. I read that Easter Islanders had it hard because they had no reefs. Easter Island is far enough from the equator that the water is pretty cold and coral doesn't like it. Are there signs of coral colonizing new areas as they warm up?
Not that I think it is a good trade. It isn't. However it would fit with the whole narrative.
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - glassnumbers - 10-02-2019
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2019/05/15/some-corals-in-hawaii-thrive-in-warm-acidic-water/#.XNyNnZNKhTY
We will gene edit coral until we can can copy the super coral. Then we need to distribute it.
Behold, the possibilities in only viral vector based gene therapy. The power of God is within our hands, we just need the will to shoulder such awful responsibility.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023384/
its not limited to viruses.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00714-9
Gene editing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a real thing. It's kind of hard to believe but this is the world we live in now.
Aloha
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - Rob Tucker - 10-02-2019
Yeah, Sounds good. Of course we don't fully know how warm the oceans are going to get. And it may take thousands of years to build a reef.
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - TomK - 10-03-2019
MarkP - I'm no expert but I think your question is really interesting. I suspect given the increase in temperatures over a short time coupled with the fact that large coral reefs take thousands of years to form, then I'm personally not optimistic. Are there signs coral reefs are starting in other places? I have no idea. I think that's an excellent question for someone more qualified. Will we still be around to see them? Another interesting question.
The other thing to remember, of course, is that climate change means some areas will experience cooler conditions and am sure that's also the case for the oceans. I doubt the answer is simple.
RE: Big Island coral shows signs of stress - dan d - 10-04-2019
All i know is.
We lost miles of some of the oldest and most beautiful reefs and tide pools when the lava took them out.
With a few hundred people helping. We can rebuid what was lost, at least give the reef a head start in building hard coral reefs. These in turn will bring back our reef critters.
U can help.
The reefs arround the us all need our help.Our reps, Shatz, Gabbard,and Case are putting together a national save us reef coolition. We will see reef growth in our times.
Aloha
Dan
HPP