02-01-2009, 10:38 AM
Thanks for the news report links, lorax.
Could you please also provide a link to your source for the comment "...as aquatic shellfish are the main source of the disease in Southeast Asia"? The source for this comment would be very useful to see.
Opihi, if I understand correctly, are exclusively a marine invertebrate. It may be aquatic shellfish are indeed the main source of rat lungworm disease in humans throughout Southeast Asia, but if by "aquatic" that which is meant is "freshwater" rather than marine (saltwater, from the ocean) then this would not suggest anything regarding opihi as a potential source of larval infection. All reports to date I have seen indicate the L3 of A. cantonensis becomes inactivated and/or killed in seawater; oysters, for instance, were found to not be infective in animal studies after L3 were administered to the oysters (caveat: this was a coldwater study and temperature may have been as significant as any other factor).
If aquatic shellfish are the main source of the disease in Southeast Asia (even or perhaps especially if "aquatic" is interpreted to mean "freshwater only," as is frequently the case) then this begs the question as to why slugs-via-veggies are the main source in Hawaii. Two potential explanations leap to mind:
-freshwater prawns avidly sought and consumed throughout SE Asia are an intermediate host for infective L3, and
-sadly enough, throughout SE Asia veggies are commonly contaminated with everything from dysenteric agents like Entamoeba histolytica and Shigella to the infective eggs of intestinal nematodes like Ascaris lumbricoides due to fertilization and irrigation with hazardous nightsoil and fecal-tainted surface waters. In consequence people tend to either cook veggies before consuming them (cooking kills A. cantonensis L3) or to plunge, soak, agitate, and rinse veggies in water containing a fresh shot of Clorox before using such veggies in green salads.
It seems likely to me the one case of angiostrongylosis subsequently diagnosed in a fellow who had eaten Hawaiian opihi actually came from a tiny slug hidden in fresh salad he also consumed while in the islands, rather than L3 active in the marine molluscs.
(Typo correction edits in red).
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A pleasant slideshow: http://www.thejoymovie.com
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(
Could you please also provide a link to your source for the comment "...as aquatic shellfish are the main source of the disease in Southeast Asia"? The source for this comment would be very useful to see.
Opihi, if I understand correctly, are exclusively a marine invertebrate. It may be aquatic shellfish are indeed the main source of rat lungworm disease in humans throughout Southeast Asia, but if by "aquatic" that which is meant is "freshwater" rather than marine (saltwater, from the ocean) then this would not suggest anything regarding opihi as a potential source of larval infection. All reports to date I have seen indicate the L3 of A. cantonensis becomes inactivated and/or killed in seawater; oysters, for instance, were found to not be infective in animal studies after L3 were administered to the oysters (caveat: this was a coldwater study and temperature may have been as significant as any other factor).
If aquatic shellfish are the main source of the disease in Southeast Asia (even or perhaps especially if "aquatic" is interpreted to mean "freshwater only," as is frequently the case) then this begs the question as to why slugs-via-veggies are the main source in Hawaii. Two potential explanations leap to mind:
-freshwater prawns avidly sought and consumed throughout SE Asia are an intermediate host for infective L3, and
-sadly enough, throughout SE Asia veggies are commonly contaminated with everything from dysenteric agents like Entamoeba histolytica and Shigella to the infective eggs of intestinal nematodes like Ascaris lumbricoides due to fertilization and irrigation with hazardous nightsoil and fecal-tainted surface waters. In consequence people tend to either cook veggies before consuming them (cooking kills A. cantonensis L3) or to plunge, soak, agitate, and rinse veggies in water containing a fresh shot of Clorox before using such veggies in green salads.
It seems likely to me the one case of angiostrongylosis subsequently diagnosed in a fellow who had eaten Hawaiian opihi actually came from a tiny slug hidden in fresh salad he also consumed while in the islands, rather than L3 active in the marine molluscs.
(Typo correction edits in red).
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(
A pleasant slideshow: http://www.thejoymovie.com
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(
Astonishing skill! This archer is a real-life Legolas and then some!
http://geekologie.com/2013/11/real-life-...rs-anc.php
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(
Astonishing skill! This archer is a real-life Legolas and then some!
http://geekologie.com/2013/11/real-life-...rs-anc.php
)'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'( )'(