Diluting concrete with water to make it workable

[Haaheo okole puka]

Concrete is actually a very in-depth topic including its sub topics such as cement types, aggregates and additives. With regard to slump - depending on the cement type, aggregate and fines sizes/types, it can vary. What may hold true here in Hawaii with regard to a particular cement type and its quarry supplier may not hold true on the mainland wherein we find a vast array of aggregates. Is the aggregate porous, smooth and round or jagged from being crushed? What sizes are the fines and what are they composed of? Are there any additional additives, detergents, etc? Aggregate types can even affect the actual hydration percentage necessary in a particular cement type as some aggregates absorb water. Air is another factor and becomes more prevalent in lower hydration mixes.