09-19-2016, 02:46 PM
in Kalapana, the cave of refuge lava tube in the Hakuma horst is cool...
"...The Cave of Refuge is part of a once-larger lava tube system formed on the southern flank of the Kilauea volcano 10,000 to 1500 B.P. It was truncated by two NE-SW striking high-angle faults along which a block less than 200 m wide, the Hakuma Horst, in Kalapana (Puna District, Island of Hawaii) was lifted up. The cave system, 206 m long, consists of three tributary arms, the junction of which has largely collapsed. Into the breakdown a narrow entrance passage, 11 m long, has been built that allowed defense of the cave against intruders. Another, larger breakdown pit gives access to a small hall that probably has been used for dwelling. The system has six openings, one of which is in the fault face overlooking the Pacific. The system may soon be overrun by the ongoing Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption and should be studied archaeologically in detail before it is lost forever...."
the entrance is on mauka side of the raised horst,... there is an old unreadable marker/sign on post cemented into the edge of the horst, and youll see an old rock wall next to it, follow the wall into horst and the entrance is nearby.. its made smaller on purpose to keep intruders form easily gaining entrance...
https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/Pa.../view/9834
http://www.alohafrom808.com/2013/04/cave...uma-horst/
******************************************************************
save our indigenous and endemic Hawaiian Plants... learn about them, grow them, and plant them on your property, ....instead of all that invasive non-native garbage I see in most yards... aloha
"...The Cave of Refuge is part of a once-larger lava tube system formed on the southern flank of the Kilauea volcano 10,000 to 1500 B.P. It was truncated by two NE-SW striking high-angle faults along which a block less than 200 m wide, the Hakuma Horst, in Kalapana (Puna District, Island of Hawaii) was lifted up. The cave system, 206 m long, consists of three tributary arms, the junction of which has largely collapsed. Into the breakdown a narrow entrance passage, 11 m long, has been built that allowed defense of the cave against intruders. Another, larger breakdown pit gives access to a small hall that probably has been used for dwelling. The system has six openings, one of which is in the fault face overlooking the Pacific. The system may soon be overrun by the ongoing Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption and should be studied archaeologically in detail before it is lost forever...."
the entrance is on mauka side of the raised horst,... there is an old unreadable marker/sign on post cemented into the edge of the horst, and youll see an old rock wall next to it, follow the wall into horst and the entrance is nearby.. its made smaller on purpose to keep intruders form easily gaining entrance...
https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/Pa.../view/9834
http://www.alohafrom808.com/2013/04/cave...uma-horst/
******************************************************************
save our indigenous and endemic Hawaiian Plants... learn about them, grow them, and plant them on your property, ....instead of all that invasive non-native garbage I see in most yards... aloha
******************************************************************
save our indigenous and endemic Hawaiian Plants... learn about them, grow them, and plant them on your property, ....instead of all that invasive non-native garbage I see in most yards... aloha
save our indigenous and endemic Hawaiian Plants... learn about them, grow them, and plant them on your property, ....instead of all that invasive non-native garbage I see in most yards... aloha