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STARWATER
Detection of solar wind-produced water in irradiated rims on silicate minerals
Significance
Whether water is produced by solar wind (SW) radiolysis has been debated for more than four decades. In this paper, we exploit the high spatial resolution of electron microscopy and sensitivity of valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy to detect water (liquid or vapor) in vesicles within (SW-produced) space-weathered rims on interplanetary dust particle (IDP) surfaces. Water in the rims has implications for the origin of water on airless bodies like the Moon and asteroids, the delivery of water to the surfaces of terrestrial planets, and the production of water in other astrophysical environments. In particular, water and organic carbon were likely delivered simultaneously by the high flux of IDPs accreted by the early Earth and other terrestrial planets.
Abstract
The solar wind (SW), composed of predominantly #8764;1-keV H+ ions, produces amorphous rims up to #8764;150 nm thick on the surfaces of minerals exposed in space. Silicates with amorphous rims are observed on interplanetary dust particles and on lunar and asteroid soil regolith grains. Implanted H+ may react with oxygen in the minerals to form trace amounts of hydroxyl (#8722;OH) and/or water (H2O). Previous studies have detected hydroxyl in lunar soils, but its chemical state, physical location in the soils, and source(s) are debated. If #8722;OH or H2O is generated in rims on silicate grains, there are important implications for the origins of water in the solar system and other astrophysical environments. By exploiting the high spatial resolution of transmission electron microscopy and valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we detect water sealed in vesicles within amorphous rims produced by SW irradiation of silicate mineral grains on the exterior surfaces of interplanetary dust particles. Our findings establish that water is a byproduct of SW space weathering. We conclude, on the basis of the pervasiveness of the SW and silicate materials, that the production of radiolytic SW water on airless bodies is a ubiquitous process throughout the solar system.
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Woohoo! I welcome our new Star Visitors! Looks like I picked the right time to become a Punatic.
quote:
Originally posted by Opihikaobob
Great, as a sense of humor is valuable ally in these times. .
And what makes "these times" any different from any other time?
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I would not worry about Uncle Roberts mental state. I have known that man for over thirty years. I first met him when i started my employ with the County. Ah you did notice the sparkle in his eye, His love and Aloha still shows. He is in better shape upstairs because of that love and aloha than most of you.
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I saw that. Thank you
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A FTL (faster than light) warp drive has become mathematically and physically possible. NASA is working on some small scale tests.
http://techland.time.com/2012/09/19/nasa...arp-drive/
NASA Actually Working on Faster-than-Light Warp Drive
Einstein's theory of relativity states matter cannot travel faster than light. This is due to the equation for relativistic mass ending up with a divisor of zero which makes the result infinite as V approaches C. However, this equation may be too simplistic, while describing one characteristic of matter. Also, the results of the equation can be inverted with imaginary plane substitutions (square root of -1). This could be achieved with phase velocity.
Another factor is antimatter. Linear accelerators create antimatter all the time but the amount has been too small to measure physical properties. Antimatter should exhibit antigravity, which means antimatter will repel from matter, rather than attract. The scientists at CERN are going to try to collect enough antimatter this summer to investigate if antimatter does exhibit antigravity.
The growing evidence of dark matter and dark energy is also starting to show the hidden side of nature. A scientist recently said "The physicists of tomorrow will work with dark matter and dark energy like we work with atoms and nuclear energy today."
"This island Hawaii on this island Earth"
*Japanese tourist on bus through Pahoa, "Is this still America?*
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quote:
Originally posted by wailani
I would not worry about Uncle Roberts mental state. I have known that man for over thirty years. I first met him when i started my employ with the County. Ah you did notice the sparkle in his eye, His love and Aloha still shows. He is in better shape upstairs because of that love and aloha than most of you.
Yes, he does have LOTS of aloha, wailani. The concern is that some will take advantage of him (and his aloha) as has been done in the past. We had to deal with it for him. Uncle has a hard time saying "NO" because of his aloha for all. We are ohana, and will always worry about Uncle, especially as he ages.
The situation in Kalapana has become very concerning over the past few years given the weekly markets, parties, etc. Since Puna died, there is a big change going on in Kalapana, and NOT for the better.
JMO.
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quote:
Originally posted by Ken
quote:
Originally posted by Opihikaobob
Great, as a sense of humor is valuable ally in these times. .
And what makes "these times" any different from any other time?
The rapid evolution of high technology through the aid of science - for better or worse , depending on the breadth of your perspective.
The ability to destroy our planet through accidental or purposeful acts.
The present state of our global environmental problems , which stem from an apparent attitude that , "money is king" , and then the willingness to do anything do get it. Related to this is the attitude that science can fix anything we "humans mess up", which my not be true.
The gradual at first, but now seen to be accelerating loss of awareness,or "consciousness" of a spiritual reality that exists
concerning our relationship with mother nature, the womb and source of all life.
The level of control achieved over humanity by the "puppet master".
Along with this is the sheer numbers of humanity , which as far as we can tell is the greatest it has ever been.
I could go on , but you get the picture.
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@ opihikao
I've had to deal with somewhat similar issues with a loved one so I can empathize. I wish you and your family the best in navigating the best path. I've never met him but even in the videos his goodheartedness (aloha) shines through. My loved one wasn't a well known and adored public figure, making things both more simple and private.
I'm wanting to express my feelings to you but I'm having second thoughts about this post. I'll quickly delete if you like.
Pua`a
S. FL
Big Islander to be.
Pua`a
S. FL
Big Islander to be.
quote:
Originally posted by Opihikaobob
The rapid evolution of high technology through the aid of science - for better or worse , depending on the breadth of your perspective.
I think the evolution of high technology, especially thru science, such as what stem cell research could bring - is tremendous - hands down!
The ability to destroy our planet through accidental or purposeful acts.
That has pretty much been an issue since the advent of the atomic bomb, however, before that there was some pretty nasty chemical weapons being employed. And up until a few years ago, an asteroid could have slammed into earth and no one would know what happened. Today, science has the developed the capability of at least understanding what might happen, and in theory, give mankind enough time to possibly do something about it
The present state of our global environmental problems , which stem from an apparent attitude that , "money is king" , and then the willingness to do anything do get it. Related to this is the attitude that science can fix anything we "humans mess up", which my not be true.
I would have to say that here in America, we can lay the cause and blame for this mentality at the feet of the republican political party who refuses to even acknowledge anything about environmental responsibility or global climate change. This is a problem with easy fixes, which can really only be done at the voting booth.
The gradual at first, but now seen to be accelerating loss of awareness,or "consciousness" of a spiritual reality that exists
concerning our relationship with mother nature, the womb and source of all life.
This is religion. To me, religion in any form, denomination, or whatever is the single biggest issue mankind has. Religion kills more people, denies more humans basic rights, and in general, promotes bigotry and racism at each and every turn. Further, religion is the main underlying core cause of virtually every world problem we have today.
The level of control achieved over humanity by the "puppet master".
Along with this is the sheer numbers of humanity , which as far as we can tell is the greatest it has ever been.
I honestly don't understand your meaning here.
I could go on , but you get the picture.
I get some of the picture here. But to me what I hear from you is just pure paranoia of an imaginary "boogie man."
Replies in italics above!
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